txkP;k dY;k.kk larkaP;k foHkwrh A nsg d"Vforh midkjsa AA 1 AA                 & Jhrqdkjke

loZ txkps dY;k.k dj.;kdfjrk osGksosGh larkaps vorkj gksrkr vkf.k rs ijksidkjkarp vkiyk nsg d"Vohr vlrkr] vls Jh rqdkjkeegkjkt ;kauh ojhy vHkaxkr larkaps o.kZu dsysysa vkgs- v'kk izdkjkP;k Fkksj foHkwrh ;k txrhrykoj vkti;Zar 'ksdMks gksÅu xsY;k vkgsr- R;kiSdhp Jhxtkuuegkjkt 'ksxkaodj gs folkO;k 'krdkP;k vkjaHkh gksÅu xsys- gs egku lk/kw oÚgkMkar 'ksxkao ;sFks gksÅu xsysr- R;kaps lekf/keafnj 'ksxkao ;sFksp vkgs-

            Jhxtkuuegkjkt gs fnxacj o`Ùkharhy fl) dksVhyk ikspysys lk/kw gksrs- ekalfojfgr okVsy rsa [kkosa] dksBsafg iMwu jgkos o dksBsafg lapkj djkok] v'kh R;kaph fnup;kZ vls- eq[kkus ek= ijesÜojkpsa Hktu vfgfuZ'k pkyr vls- Hkäkaph ladVs nwj d:u ijesÜoj&n'kZu ?kMowu vk.kY;kph 'ksdMksa mnkgj.ksa R;kaP;k pfj=kar vkgsr-

                      Jhxtkuuegkjktkaps vksohc) pfj= g- Hk- i- lardoh Jhnklx.kwegkjkt ;kauh fyfgys vkgs- R;kps v/;k; 21 vlwu ,dw.k vksO;k 3668 vkgsr- gsa Nkiwu izfl)fg >kysys vkgs- ijarq fuR;iB.kkyk R;kpk mi;ksx gksr ukgh- ß fuR;iB.kklkBh ygkuls LrqfrLrks= d:u |kos Þ v'kh jkolkgsc jkepaæ Ñ".kkth ikVhy] O;oLFkkid] Jhxtkuuegkjkt laLFkku] 'ksxkao ;kauh fouarh dsY;ko:u Jhnklx.kwegkjktkauh gsa 181 vksG;kaps ygkuls Lrks= fyfgys vkgs- R;kar JhxtkuuegkjktkaP;k cgqrsd pfj=kpk xksIkokjk vkysyk vkgs- eksBsa pfj= jkst okpwu gksr ukgha Eg.kwu R;kpsa ^lkj* ;k Lrks=kar egkjktkauh vk.kys vkgs- R;keqGs JhxtkuuegkjktkaP;k fu%Llhe Hkäkauk o vokarj Hkkfodkauk Jhxtkuuegkjktkaph fuR; iB.kkus Hkfälsok dj.;kph eksBh lks; >kyh vkgs-

            Jhnklx.kwegkjktkaP;k dkO;kaizek.ks Lrks=fg vR;ar lqcks/k o jlkG vlsa >kysys vkgs- Hkk"kk vR;ar lksih vlY;keqGsa lokZauk lgt let.;klkj[kh vkgs- R;kaP;k dkO;leqækarhy gsa ,d ygkulsa nSnhI;eku jRup vkgs vls EgVY;kl vfr'k;ksfä gks.kkj ukgh-

loZ/kekZUifjR;T; ekesd 'kj.ka ozt A

            v'kk izdkjpk Hkxoku JhÑ".kkauh vtqZukyk mins'k dsyk vkgs- ^vtaqZuk] dks.kR;kgh osGh ?kkc:u u tkrka pqdhps loZ fopkj lksMwu nsÅu eyk 'kj.k ;s-*  gs Hkxoarkps okD; vxnh lR; vkgs- lHkksorkyph ifjfLFkfr euq";izk.;kyk vxnh Hkkackowu lksMrs- dk; djkosa \ dksBs tkosa \ dls okxkos \ v'kk izdkjps fujfujkGs fopkj eukr ;sÅu euq"; Hkkackowu tkrks- v'kk ijesÜojkyk vuU;Hkkokus 'kj.k tkos] gkp ,d ;ksX; ekxZ Bjrks vkf.k v'kk jhrhusa 'kj.k xsY;koj rks n;k?ku izHkq izlUu gksÅu Hkäkps euksjFk iw.kZ dsY;kf'kok; jkgkr ukgh- ijesÜojkyk 'kj.k tk.;kpk ekxZ lq)k of'kY;kf'kok; lkiMr ukgh- lar gk ijesýojkpk eksBk of'kyk vkgs- larkauk izlUu d:u ?ksÅu R;kaph Ñik laiknu dsyh Eg.kts ijesýjizkfIr >kY;kf'kok; jkgkr ukgh- vkf.k larÑik laiknu d:u ?ks.;klkBhap egkjktkauh Jhxtkuu Lrks= fyfgysa vkgs-

            Jhxtkuuegkjktkauh rsyh] rkacksGh oxSjs vBjkizxV tkrhaoj Ñik dsyh vkgs- R;kaP;k fBdk.kh HksnHkko uOgrk- iw.kZ lerk gksrh- rsOgka loZ tkrhP;k yksdkauh vuU;Hkkokus ;k Lrks=kl fuR;ikB d:u Jhxtkuuegkjktkaph Ñik laiknu djkoh vkf.k ijesýjkyk vkiyk ikBhjk[kk d:u ?;kok Eg.kts xzaFkkP;k 'ksoVh fyfgY;kizek.ks Hkkfodkaps loZ euksjFk iw.kZ gksÅu eks{kizkfIr >kY;kf'kok; jkg.kkj ukgh-

            JhxtkuuegkjktkaP;k Hkäkauk gh ioZ.kh vk.kwu fnY;kps loZ Js; Jhegkjktkaps ijeHkä jkolkgsc jkepanz Ñ".kkth ikVhy] 'ksxkao ;kaukp vkgs- R;kaP;k ?kjk.;koj Jhxtkuu egkjktkaph iw.kZ Ñik >kysyh vkgs- Hkkfodkauh gsa mnkgj.k MksG;kaiq<s Bsokos-

          vlks] Jhnklx.kwegkjkt ;kauh vkKk dsY;ko:u izLrkousnk[ky nksu 'kCn fygwu xzaFkkph vYi m.kho Hk:u dk<yh vkgs- R;kar dkagh pqdk >kY;k vlY;kl R;kcíy {kek ekxwu vkf.k txrhrykoj midkj dj.;klkBh dsysY;k ;k Ñrhcíy egkjktkauk vfHkuanuiwoZd /kU;okn nsÅu izLrkouk iqjh djrks-

ia<jiwj                                                     egkjktkapk Ñikdka{kh
fnukad 29&2&48                                             ujgj ckGÑ".k ns'kikaMs
                                                           gsMekLrj] Ldwy ua- 1] ia<jiwj

Jh xtkuu egkjkt laLFkku] 'ksxkao
 vYiifjp;

            larJs"B JhxtkuuegkjktkaP;k eaxye; okLrO;kus 'ksxkao uxjh iquhr >kysyh vlwu Jhxtkuuegkjkt laLFkku] 'ksxkao gs JhaP;k vykSfdd 'kähps izHkkoh 'kfäihB cuysys vkgs- le`)hph xaxk] lkStU;kph ;equk vkf.k lkfRodrsph ljLorh g;kapk ^f=os.kh laxe* 'ksxkaoP;k ikou rhFkkZr >kysyk vkgs- 'ksxkao gs l/;k HkwoSdqaB >kys vkgs- lRlaxkps rs fo|kihB cuys vkgs] larlkfUu/;kus rs fl)ihB Bjys vkgs o uke?kksIkkus rs izfria<jiwj >kys vkgs- ^losZ HkoUrq lqf[ku%* gs czhnokD; /kkj.k dj.kkÚ;k Jhxtkuuegkjkt laLFkkupk gk vYiifjp; Hkäkauk vkf.k ftKklwauk mn~cks/kd Bjys-

            fl)dksVhps lar Jhxtkuuegkjkt gs fnxacjkoLFksr ek| o| 7 'kds 1800 fn- 23&2&1878 jksth ek/;kUg le;h 'ksxkaoh izxV >kys o vkiY;k vykSfdd fnO; lkeF;kZus vusd yhyk d:u] vrD;Z okV.kkjs peRdkj d:u o vla[; thokapk m)kj d:u Hkkæin 'kq- 5 'kds 1832 fn- 8&9&1910 jksth 'ksxkaoP;k ;k iq.;Hkwehe/;s lekf/kLFk >kys- egkjk"Vªkrhy cqy<k.kk ftYg;krhy e/; jsYosP;k eqcabZ&ukxiwj ekxkZoj ^c* oxkZps 'ksxkao LVs'ku vlwu xhrkatyh ,Dlizslpk viokn oxGrk] jsYosP;k loZ xkM;k ;sFks Fkkacrkr- LVs'kuckgsj ;srkp laLFkkuP;k lsokFkZ clsl miyC/k vlrkr- LVs'ku rs eafnj 5 QykZaxkps varj vlwu dsoG ngk fefuVkapk gk ik;nG jLrk vkgs- eafnjkP;k jLR;kusp ,l- Vh- LVWM vkgs- laiw.kZ egkjk"Vªkrwu 172 clsl ;sFks ;srkr- nsokl] mTtSu] iSB.k] ia<jiwj ;k lkj[kh cgqrsd eksBh'kgjs o rhFkZLFkkus clslus 'ksxkao'kh tksMyh xsysyh vkgsr-

 Jhaps eafnj

            Jhaps eafnj e/kkse/k vlwu ijdksVkl mÙkj o ifÜpe egk}kjs vkgsr- jk=h egk}kjkph f[kMdh lrr m?kMh vlrs- Jhaps lek/kh eafnj Hkq;kjkr vlwu R;kojp Jhaps nSor Jh jkeizHkw] Jh lhrkekbZ o Jh y{e.kizHkwph ewrhZ vlwu cktwyk Jhaps eq[koVs vkgsr- leksj Jh guqearkP;k ewrhZaph LFkiuk dsysyh vkgs- lek/kh eafnjkP;k nf{k.ksl egkjktkaps nsgfoltZuLFkG] /kquh o Jhapk 'k;ukpk iyax vkgs- g;kp ifjljkr Jh fuR; fuokl djhr- eafnjkps mÙkj Hkkxkr ukxnsork eafnj vkgs- iwohZ gk Hkkx taxy&>kMhus O;kiysyk gksrk- Jhaps gs mÙkjsdMhy laj{kd o tkx`r LFkku vkgs- ekxhy cktwl Jhap nksu fuLi`g lsod Jh ukjk;.k egkjkt o Jh ckGkHkkÅ egkjkt ;k nks?kkaps laxejojh lek/kh eafnj vkgs- iwosZl vkSnqacj o nf{k.kkfHkew[kh guqear eafnj vkgs-

laLFkkupk cht:ih iwosZfrgkl

            Jhxtkuuegkjkt laLFkkups lokZar egÙokps oSf'k"V; Eg.kts Jhxtkuuegkjkt g;kr vlrkauk b- l- 1908 e/;s JhaP;k nSoh vuqxzgkus gs laLFkku >kys vkgs- Jhauh vkiY;k fnO; lkeF;kZus vkiyk lek/khfnol o vkiY;k lek/khP;k tkxspk funsZ'k dsyk- gksrk- ^;k tkxh jkghy js* gs Jhaps mn~xkj eksBs lwpd gksrs- JhaP;k ;k funsZ'kkuqlkj JhaP;k ijeHkäka}kjk laor~ 1885 vkfÜou 'kq- 1 fn- 12&9&1908 jksth dS- ukjk;.k dMrth ikVhy] 'ksxkao g;kaP;k vMr nqdkunkj Jhaps Hkä] xkaodjh ;kaph ,d lHkk vk;ksftr dj.;kr vkyh- o JhaP;k le{kp laLFkkuP;k LFkkiuspk 'kqHkkjaHk >kyk- iq<s fujfujkG;k lHkkaps vk;kstu dj.;kr ;sÅu Jhaps le{k dkgh egÙokps fu;e r;kj dj.;kr vkys] egkjktkaps n'kZu nq:u djkos] JhaP;k ik;kl vxj vaxkl gkr ykow u;s] egkjktkaiq<s vkysyk iSlk ns.kkÚ;kl frtksjhr Vkd.;kl lkaxkos] nqlÚ;k dks.khgh iS'kkl gkr ykow u;s oxSjs fu;e y{kkar ?ksrk Jhaph n`"Vh fdrh izkxfrd o dkykl /k:u gksrh gs fnlrs- JhaP;k eBkr Qä ikp fnolkaP;k oj dks.kh jkgw u;s gk fu;e ns[khy Jhaps le{kp r;kj dj.;kr vkyk-

laLFkkups vktrkxk;r >kysys O;oLFkkid o v/;{k iq<hyizek.ks &

laLFkkups vktps fo'kky Lo:i

            chtke/kwu ,[kknk izpaM oVo`{k r;kj Ogkok o iq<siq<s R;k oVo`{kkyk izpaM Lo:ikP;k ikjaC;k QqVkO;kr rlsp Jh xtkuu egkjkt laLFkkuP;k ckcrhr >kys vkgs- yksdf'k{k.k] tholsok] #X.klsok] 'kS{kf.kd lsok] larlsok] Hkälsok bR;kfn eguh; lsosph dkefxjh laLFkkudMwu Jh djowu ?ksr vkgsr- laLFkkuus vk/;kfRed] oS|dh; o 'kS{kf.kd {ks=ke/;s ts dk;Z dsys vkgs R;kpk /kkork vk<kok ?ks.ksgh eksBs mn~cks/kd Bj.kkj vkgs- g;kf'kok; laLFkkuus ts izdYi dj.;kps Bjfoys vkgs R;kphgh ekfgrh Hkäkauk vkf.k ftKklwauk izsj.kknk;h Bjys-

 laLFkkups vk/;kfRed {ks=krhy dk;Z

            Jh lar xtkuu egkjkt gs vk/;kfRed {ks=krhy fl) iq#"k vlY;keqGs laLFkkuus vk/;krfed {ks= gs vkiY;k drZO;kps {ks= Eg.kwu fuoM.ks LokHkkfodp vkgs- b- l- 1964 iklwu laLFkkuus ^okjdjh f'k{k.k laLFkk* dk;kZfUor dsyh vlwu i- iw- oS- ekeklkgsc nkaMsdj g;kaps 'kqHkgLrs ;k f'k{k.k laLFkspk 'kqHkkjaHk >kyk vkgs- vk/;kRekP;k Hkähr jaxysys Hkä fuekZ.k dj.ks gk mn~ns'k MksG;kleksj Bsowu ;k f'k{k.k laLFksrhy fo|kFkhZ

KkusÜojh] Jhen~Hkkxor] larkaP;k xkFkk] JhenHkxon~xhrk oxSjs xzaFkkps fu"Bkiw.kZ v/;;u ;k f'k{k.k laLFksr djhr vlrkr- Hktu] laxhr] i[koktoknu] laLÑr b- fo"k;kaps Kkugh R;kauk foukewY; fnys tkrs- ;sFkhy vH;klØe pkj o"kkZapk vlwu ;k dkGkr fuokl] Hkkstu] oL= v/;kuxzaFk gh loZ O;oLFkk laLFkku}kjk eksQr dsyh tkrs-

fo|ktZu iw.kZ d:u vkiY;k mnjfuokZgkph O;oLFkk djrk ;koh ;klkBh  R;kauk tksMf'k{k.kgh fnys tkrs- ef'ku f'kykbZps dke f'kdfoys tkrs rlsp mncÙkh r;kj dj.ks] lqrkjdke] [ksG.ks r;kj dj.ks] IyWLVj vkWQ iWfjlP;k ewrhZ r;kj dj.ks g;kcn~nyps f'k{k.k laLFksr ns.;kr ;srs- Hkäkauk mPp vk/;kfRed rÙos dGkohr o fofo/k /keZxzaFkkapk ijhp; Ogkok gk laLFkkupk ekul vkgs- ;k n`"Vhus laLFkkue/;s vk/;kfRed {ks=krhy vf/kdkjh O;ähaP;k izopukaps] dhrZukaps] o Hkk"k.kkaps dk;Zde usgehp vk;ksthr dj.;kr ;srkr- eafnjkrhy okrkoj.k vk/;kfRed rRokus ifo= jgkos ;k n`"Vhus igkVs 5 iklwu jk=h 9-30 i;Zar njjkst nSuafnu iwtkvpkZ fo/khor gksr vlrs- dkdMk vkjrhiklwu 'kstkjrhi;Zarps nSuafnu dk;Zde fuR;usekus gksr vlrkr-

            JhaP;k izxVfnu] Jh jketUeksRlo o Jhapk iq.;frFkh mRlo gs laLFkkups izeq[k mRlo vlwu ;kfufeÙk izpaM ;k=sps vk;kstu gksr vlrs- JhaP;k eafnjkoj o ifjljkr ;kfufeÙk fo|qrnhikaph jk"k.kkbZ dj.;kr ;srs- rlsp tujsVjph lq)k O;oLFkk dsyh vkgs- Jhaph vo] xt] jFk] es.kk] iky[kh] fnaMh vknh JhaP;k oSHkoklg fejo.kwd fu?krs- lkscr xzkfe.k foHkkaxkrhy 400 rs 500 fnaM;kapk lgHkkx jkgrks- okrkoj.k HkähHkkousus nqenqequ tkrs- JhaP;k vkykSfdd thoukoj iksFkh fyfg.kkjs lardoh vk/kqfud efgirh dS- nklx.kw egkjkt g;kapk Jhxtkuu fot; xzaFk gk laLFkspk vf/kÑr xzaFk Eg.kwu Hkäkauk ekU; >kyk vkgs- vkti;Zar ;k xzaFkkP;k ejkBhr 35 vko`Ùkh izdk'khr >kY;k vlwu ;k vko`Ùkhi;Zar ,dw.k xzaFkla[;k 8]82]000 >kysyh vkgs- fganh] baxzth] xqtjkFkh] dkuMh o rsyxw ;k Hkk"kkae/;sgh ;k xzaFkkpk vuqokn dj.;kr vkysyk vkgs- HkäkaP;k lks;hlkBh

eafnjkP;k ifjljkr ^Hkäfuokl* gh HkO; okLrw cka/k.;kr vkyh vkgs o rsFks jkg.;kpk lks;h dj.;kr vkY;k vkgsr- rGetY;koj Hkkstud{kgh Bso.;kr vkyk vkgs Hkkstud{kkph osG lk;adkGh 7 rs 9 gh vlwu R;kpk nj 5&00 #- gk vYi ewY;kpk Bso.;kr vkyk vkgs- Hkäfuokl Ø- 3 e/;s Hkkstud{k vlwu 10-00 :- e/;s iw.kZ tso.k miyC/k vkgs- HkäkalkBh gk foHkkx rksV;kr pkyfoyk tkrks-

            laLFksP;k vkokjkr 90 x 90 o 100 x 100 ps nksu eaxydk;kZy; cka/k.;kr vkys vlwu eaxydk;kZdfjrk o izeq[k izopuknh dk;ZØekdfjrk ;krhy 90 x 50 pk gkWy vR;ar lq'kksfHkr dsyk vkgs- ;sFks ,dkp osGh 600 yksd Hkkstukl clw 'kdrkr- egkizlkn Hkäkauk njjkst 11-30 rs 1-00 i;Zar laLFkkurQsZ ns.;kr ;srks- ;kr iksGh] Hkkth] Hkkr o njjkst ,d fe"VkUUk ;kapk lekos'k vlrks- njjkst ljkljh 5000 Hkä ;k egkizlknkpk ykHk ?ksrkr o ;k=sP;k osGsl 70]000 rs 1]00]000 i;Zaar Hkä egkizlknkpk ykHk ?ksrkr-

            Jh xtkuu egkjkt laLFkkuph ifgyh ’kk[kk ia<jiwj ;sFks dk;kZfUor >kyh vkgs- 8AA ,dj tkxse/;s laLFkluus Jhaps eafnj ika<Ú;k'kqHkz laxejojh nxMke/;s cka/kys tkr vkgs- edjkuk (jktLFkku) ;sFkwu nxM [kjsnh d:u 'ksxkaoh dVkbZ ?kMkbZ o u{khdke d:u ia<jiwjyk fQfVax djhrka ikBfoyk tkrks- vkrki;Zar 200 Vªd ?kMkbZpk nxM ikBfo.;kr vkyk 5 rs 10 iS'kkP;k HkfäHkkousus fnysY;k iS'kkrwu ,drso laxejojh eafnj gksr vkgs- rsFkhy ifjljkr 3 Hkäfuokl layXu [kksyhlg cka/k.;kr vkgs- ,dw.k 300 [kksY;k cka/kwu r;kj vkgsr- jE;] ifo= o lqjf{kr ifjlj vlwu Hkäkauh ;kpk vo'; ykHk ?;kok- 

            lar xtkuu egkjktkaps ijeHkä o Jhauh izFken'kZu nsÅu T;kaP;koj Ñik dsyh R;k dS- cadVyky ;kaph tkxk R;kaps ukrw o laLFkkups foÜoLFk Jh- panqykyth vxzoky g;kauh laLFkkuyk mnkji.ks ns.kxh Eg.kwu fnyh vkgs- laLFkkuus tkxsoj ,d rhu etyh bekjr cka/kyh vlwu R;kl cdaV lnu vls uko ns.;kr vkys vkgs- gs lnu Hkäkauk jkg.;kl ns.;kr ;srs-

            Jhauh eksVs ;kaps egknsokps eafnjkar okLrO; dsys gksrs rs o izdVfnukps tkxstoG eksVs gsosyh tsFks Jhaps ighys n'kZu >kys rh tkxk eksVsauh laLFksr foyhu dsyh rsFks izdVfnukph lqanj laxejojh N=h clfo.;kps dke pkyw vkgs- yksdksi;ksxh eaxydk;kZy;s lq)k cka/kyh tkr vkgs- f'koky; twus >kys vkgs R;kpk lq)k ft.kksZ)kj dj.;kpk laLFkspk ekul vkgs-

            lar xtkuu egkjktkaP;k O;fäeRokpk Blk Hkäkaoj iMkok Eg.kwu Jhaps o laLFksps vf/kÑr okM%e; uk uQk uk rksVk ;k laLFkkue/;s foØhl Bsoys vkgs- ;kf'kok; yrk eaxs'kdj ;kaP;k lqLoj vkoktkrhy Jhaph vkjrh] HkwikGh oxSjsaP;k jsdkWMZl~] Jhaps osxosxG;k Lo:ikps QksVks laLFkkue/;s foØhdfjrk Bsoys vkgsr- JhaP;k thoukojhy jaxhr y?kw fp=iV] fganh] rsyxw o dkuMh Hkk"ksr ns[khy laLFkkups izpkjkFkZ r;kj dsysyk vkgs-

            Hkä o Hkkfodkauk rhFkZ;k=k ?kMkO;kr Eg.kwu laLFkkuus 1968 iklwu Jh {ks= ia<jiwjyk o 1976 iklwu Jh{ks= vkGanhyk ik;h okjhus iky[kh o fnaM;k us.;kpk vfHkuo miØe] lq# dsyk vkgs- ;kf'kok; =;acdsÜoj] iSB.k-] eqäkckbZ] mTtSu] ekf.kdizHkw egkjkt ;klkBh ns[khy laaLFkkuus iky[;k usY;k vkgsr- vk"kk<hokjh ia<jiwj o dkfrZdokjh vkGanhl tkrkauk 500 rs 600 okjdjh fu?kr vlrkr- fnaMheqGs foosd] oSjkX;] Hkäh o Kku ;k rRokapk yksdkauk cks/k gksrks o yksdf'k{k.kkps dk;Z xfreku gksrs- laLFkkuus ik;h okjhdfjrk Jh egkjktkaph pkanhph ufou iky[kh cukjl ;sFkhy dykdkj vk.kwu r;kj d#u ?ksryh vkgs- ;kojhy u{khdke vR;ar dykiw.kZ vlwu gh iky[kh ikgrk{k.khp var%dj.kkrhy HkähHkko mpacGwu ;srkr- JhaP;k n'kZuklkBh njjkst ljkljh 10]000 Hkä ;sr vlrkr o R;kaps dMwu njMksbZ 5 :- izek.ks laLFksl njjkst 50]000 :- nku:ikus feGrkr- Hkäkaph la[;k dG.;kdfjrk laLFkkuus bysDVkWfud x.kd;a= clfoys vkgs- eafnjkP;k vkokjkrhy 61 QwV maphpk pkanhpk o /otLraHk laLFkkuph vk/;kfRed maph n'kZforks- HkäkaP;k lks;hlkBh laLFkkuus vusd foHkkx m?kMys vlwu R;kr ns.kxh foHkkx] HkkaMh foHkkx] ikn=k.ks foHkkx] lqj{kk foHkkx] efuvkWMZj foHkkx] Viky foHkkx] cka/kdke foHkkx]ik.khiqjoBk foHkkx] lkQlQkbZ foHkkx] vUunkua foHkkx] eksVkjlk;dy o lk;dyLVWM foHkkx o nqdku foHkkx bR;knh foHkkx vkgsr- Hkäkauk LVs'kuiklwu eafnjki;Zar o eafnj rs ,l- Vh- LVaWM] LVs'ku o okfVdk ;sFki;Zar us.;k&vk.k.;klkBh laLFkkuus rhu yD>jh clsssl lsokFkZ BsoY;k vkgsr- g;k clsl vgksjk= lq: vlrkr- R;keqGs Hkäkaph fo'ks"k lks; >kyh vkgs-

laLFksps oS|dh; {ks=krhy dk;Z

            #X.kkph lsok dj.ks o R;kauk vYi ewY;kr vkS"k/kksipkj feGowu ns.ks gk ,d egRokpk mn~ns'k laLFkkuus vkiY;k MksG;kaleksj Bsoyk vkgs- ^f'koHkkos tholsok* ;k Lokeh foosdkuankP;k cks/kopukus izsfjr gksÅu laLFkkuus #X.kkaph lsok dj.;kps /kksje vk[kys vkgs- eafnjkP;k vkokjkr fofo/k nqdkukaph th HkO; okLrq mHkh vkgs R;kojhy etY;koj gksfevksiWfFkd] vk;qosZfnd o vWyksiWfFkd gs rhugh izdkjps vkS"k/kky; foHkkx laLFkkuus m?kMys vlwu viax ;quhV] fQthvksFksjih] iWFkkykWth foHkkx vkgs- vR;Yi 'kqYd ?ksÅu laLFkku #X.kkaph lsok djr vkgs- rK MkDVkjkaaph fu;qäha d#u R;kaP;k}kjs xjhc #X.kkauk rikl.ks] vkS"k/ks] batsD'ku ns.ks b- dkes laLFkku djhr vkgs- 1974 iklwu 1995 i;Zar laLFkkuP;k vWyksiWfFkd nok[kkU;ke/kwu 41]04]264 #X.kkauh vkS"k/kksipkj d#u ?ksrys vkgsr- laLFkkuP;k gksfevksiWfFkd vkSi/kky; foHkkxkrwu 1963 iklwu 1995 i;Zar 9]65]721 #X.kkauh vkS"k/kksipkj ?ksrys vkgsr- laLFkkuP;k gksfevksiWfFkd foHkkxkrwu 1973 rs ekpZ 1995 i;Zar 20]44]620 #X.kkauh vkS"k/kksipkj d:u ?ksrys vkgsr- vR;oLFk :X.kkauk deh [kpkZe/;s iq<hy mipkjkFkZ brj fBdk.kh us.;klkBh laLFkkuus rhu v|;kor :X.kokfgdk fl) BsoY;k vkgs- ckgsjhy 'kgjkarwu fo'ks"k rTK MkWDVlZ :X.kkaph [kkl rikl.kh dj.;kdfjrk laLFkkuyk vkiyh lsok foukewY; iznku djhr vlrkr- laLFkku}kjk izfro"khZ HkO; izek.kkr us=nku f'kchjkps vk;kstu dj.;kr ;sr vlrs- b- l- 1975 iklwu vkrkikosrks [kafMri.ks gk izdYi laLFkkuus jkcfoyk vlwu vkrki;Zar 8284 #X.kkauk n`"VhykHk >kysyk vkgs- ;k f'kchjke/;s vkysY;k #X.kkaph jkg.;kph] tso.;kph o pgkQjkGkph O;oLFkk laLFkkurQsZ foukewY; dj.;kr ;srs- o #X.kkauk laLFkkurQsZ p"esns[khy forjhr dj.;kr ;srkr- laLFkkuP;k ;k jk"Vªh; va/kRofuokj.k dk;kZcn~ny lu 82&83 o 83&84 ;k o"kkZdjrk laLFkkuyk 'kklukdMwu iz'kLrhi= iznku dj.;kr vkys vkgs o 'kklukus laLFkkupk xkSjo ns[khy dsyk vkgs- laLFkkuus 1984 e/;s ,dk viax f'kchjkps vk;kstu dsys gksrs- vf[ky Hkkjrh; HkkSfrd fpfdRlk vkf.k iquoZlu laLFkk] eqacbZ ;kaps lgdk;kZus laLFkkuus vk;ksftr dsysY;k viax f'kchjkr 956 viax #X.kkaph rikl.kh dj.;kr vkyh- R;kiSdh 80 viax :X.kkaoj eqacbZ ;sFks o 46 #X.kkaoj 'ksxkao ;sFks 'kL=fØ;k dj.;kr vkyh o 200 viax O;ähauk Ñf=e vo;o ns.;kr vkys- ;k f'kchjkpk loZ [kpZ laLFkkuus mpyyk gksrk- o v|kor viax ;quhV lq: dsys vkgs- loZ Ñf=e vo;o r;kj d:u okVi dsY;k tkrkr- fo'ks"k mYys[kfu; ckc Eg.kts efrean eqykalkBh f'kchj ?ks.;kpk miØe egkjk"Vªkr ifgY;kank laLFkkuus dsyk- efrean eqykaph rikl.kh dj.;klkBh laLFkkuusa iq.;kgwu rTK MkWDVlZuk ;k f'kchjklkBh vkeaf=r dsys gksrs- rlsp efrean fo|kFkhZ olrhx`gklg 'kkGk lq: dsyh vkgs-

            riksou [kkexkao ;sFks dq"BjksX;kauk /kksrjtkMh o yqxMh] lkM;kaps okVi laLFkkurQsZ dj.;kr vkys- xzkfe.k foHkkxkrhy :X.kkaph lsok Ogkoh ;k Hkkousus 1982 P;k fot;kn'kehP;k 'kqHkeqgwrkZoj laLFkkuus ^fQjrs vWyksiWFkh :X.kky;* lq: dsys vkgs- T;k xkokae/;s ljdkjh :X.kky;s ukghr v'kk Jh {ks= ukx>jh] yksgkjk] dkG[ksM] dGack] fpapkyh] tkuksjh] o>sxkao] gkrk] xOgk.k (o:M) bR;kfn [ksM;kae/;s laLFkkups gs fQjrs :X.kky; dk;Z djhr vkgs- laLFkkups vkB deZpkjh ;k dk;kZlkBh laLFkkuus useys vkgsr-

            laLFkkuus ^viax iquoZlu dsanz* eafnjkP;k vkokjkr m?kMys vlwu vusd viaxkauk ;k iquoZlu dsanzkpk ykHk feGr vkgs- laLFkkuP;k g;k dk;kZcn~ny egkjk"Vª 'kklukus ^Le`frfpUg* nsÅu laLFkkuus xkSjo dsyk vkgs- vkfnoklh foHkkxke/;s vkfnoklhauk vkS"kks/kksipkj foukewY; feGkosr ;k n`"Vhus laLFkkuus ^lkriqMk izdYi* gh ;kstuk gkrh ?ksryh vkgs- ;k ;kstusvarxZr vkfnoklhaP;k lsoslkBh nksu fQjrh :X.kky;s laLFkkuus lq: dsyh vlwu vkfnoklhauk foukewY; diMs okVi] vR;Yi fdaerhe/;s /kkU; okV.ks g;k ;kstuk laLFkkuus dk;kZUohr dj.;kpk ladYi lksMyk vkgs- 'ksxkao ;sFks vkfnoklh vkJe 'kkGk lq: dsyh vkgs- xkoke/;s fdaok uftdP;k [ksM;kr vkx ykxY;kl laLFkkurQsZ vfXu'kked ikBfo.;kr ;srks- uqdrhp f[kjdqaM ;k vkfnoklh xkokr izpaM vkx ykxyh o vkxhP;k Hk{kLFkkuh iMysY;k ;k xkoP;k iquoZluklkBh laLFkkuus iq<kdj ?ksryk- lokZauk diMs] /kkU; o fe"VkUu b- Lo#ikr laLFkkurQsZ ,dw.k 1 yk[k #i;kaph enr dj.;kr vkyh-

            olkyh] vackackjok] fiaxGh Hkkxkrhy vkfnoklhaP;k rkaMîkauk laLFkkurQsZ nj o"khZ 1 yk[k #i;kaps diMs okVi dj.;kr ;srkr o R;kauk njo"khZ fnokGhr fe"VkUu okV.;kr ;srs-

            laLFkkuP;k vWyksiWfFkd nok[kkU;kr vkS"k/kksipkjklkBh ;s.kkÚ;k #X.kkaph lsoslkBh iWFkkykWth foHkkx lq# dj.;kr vkyk vlwu #X.kkaph jä] Fkqadh] eyew= vknhaph rikl.kh foukewY; dj.;kr ;srs- ;k ekfgrhP;k vk/kkjs #X.kkaph lsok dj.;kph laLFkkuph dGdG vkf.k rGeG HkDrkaP;k y{kkr ;sÅ 'kdsy-

laLFkkuph 'kS{kf.kd {ks=krhy dkefxjh

            v/;kfRed vkf.k oSKkfud {ks=kizek.ksp 'kS{kf.kd {ks=kr ns[khy laLFkkuus dk;Z djkos v'kh JhadMwu izsj.kk >kY;keqGsp dh dk; fn- 19&4&1983 jksth Jh xtkuu f'k{k.k laLFkk iathc) dsyh xsyh- laLFkkuus 'kS{kf.kd {ks=kr dsysys gs ifgys inkiZ.k gksrs- ckyi.khp lw;ZeaMG fxGko;kl fu?kkysY;k guqearkizek.ksp laLFkkuus 'kS{kf.kd {ks=kr ,d izpaM >si ?ksryh o 31&5&1983 jksth Jh lar xtkuu egkjkt vfHk;kaf=dh egkfo|ky; JhaP;k Ñisus 'ksxkao uxjhr mn;kyk vkys- iS'kkph] tkxsph] f'k{kdkaph] ;a=lkeqxzhp dqByhp r;kjh ulrkauk Qä nksu efgukaP;k dkyko/khr laLFkkuus gs vfHk;kaf=dh egkfo|ky;kP;k LFkkiusps dk;Z d:u nk[kfoys- JhaP;k Ñisus ifgY;kp o"khZ LFkkiu >kysY;k ;k egkfo|ky;kpk fo|kFkhZ gk fo|kihBkr loZizFke vkyk] vkf.k laLFkkuyk ns[khy /kU;rk okVyh- 'ksxkaops vfHk;kaf=dh egkfo|ky; f'k{k.k rTKkadMwu xkSjfoys xsys vkgs- vfHk;kaf=dh egkfo|ky;kP;k fo|kF;kZalkBh laLFkkuus rhu izpaM olrhx`g cka/kys vkgs o vfHk;kaf=dh egkfo|ky;kph vfrHkO; okLrw cka/k.;kr vkyh vkgs- mRÑ"V xzaFkky;] v|;kor ;a=lkeqxzh] dq'ky o f'k{k.kizseh izk/;kidoxZ o f'kLrfiz; fo|kFkhZ g;kapk vHkwriwoZ laxe g;k fBdk.kh >kyk vkgs- vR;k/kwuhd okpuky;] O;k;ke 'kkGk] cka/kwu iw.kZ >kY;k vkgsr- iq<hy o"kkZr vko';d rs loZ cka/kdke iw.kZ gksbZy- egkjk"Vªkr izFke ;k laLFksl ,- th- lh- Vh- ph- ekU;rk feGkyh vkgs-

            ygku eqykalkBh laLFkkuusp ,d KkuihB (bXyha'kfeMh;e) ns[khy lq: dsys vlwu vfHk;kaf=dh egkfo|ky;kP;k ifjljkrhy ,dk Hkkxkr gs KkuihB (bXyha'kfeMh;e) vlwu ygku eqykauk us.;k&vk.k.;klkBh laLFkkurQsZ nksu clsl Bso.;kr vkY;k vkgsr- ygku eqykaP;k lokZafx.k fodklkP;k n`"Vhus laLFkkuus KkuihB (bXyha'kfeMh;e) dk<.;kpk gk miØe gkrh ?ksryk vlwu 'ksxkaoP;k ukxfjdkauh ;k miØekl pkaxyk izfrlkn fnyk vkgs- KkuihB (bXyha'kfeMh;e) laLFkkuus lq;ksX; f'k{kdkaph fu;qäh dsyh vkgs- dkWUOgsUVe/khy ygku eqykalkBh [ksGkaps fofo/k lkeku laLFkkuus miyC/k d:u fnys vkgs-

            1) erhean fo|ky; & ,dw.k 63 erhean fo|kFkhZ olrhx`gkr f'k{k.k ?ksr vkgsr- ohuk vuqnku rRokoj gs pkyfoys tkr vkgs- R;kaph diMsyÙks] tso.k] vkS"k/kksipkj oxSjsph loZ O;oLFkk laLFksrQsZ dsyh tkrs- ;kapsoj f'k{kd o brj deZpkjh ,dw.k ns[kjs[k djrkr-

            2) vkfnoklh vkJe'kkGk & lkriqMk ioZrkP;k vrhnqxZe Hkkxkarwu tsFks vktgh ykbZV] ik.kh o jksMph dksByhp O;oLFkk ukgh- vackckjok] pqu[kMh gkMîkegkG] dkGkik.kh oxSjs NksVîk xkaokarwu o vkfnoklhaP;k rkaMîkrwu 300 eqys vkJe'kkGsr vk.kyhr] R;kaph eqG laLÑrh tksiklwu R;kauk fo|knkukps dk;Z laLFkku djhr vkgs- ;koj vR;ar lsokHkkoh lsodoxZ fu;qä dsyk vkgs- fo|kFkhZaP;k jkg.;kpk laiw.kZ [kpZ laLFkku djhr vkgs- vki.k ;k vkJe'kkGsr vo'; HksV |koh o loZ lsokdk;kZps voyksdu djkos-

Jh xtkuu okfVdk

            'ksxkaoe/khy ,d fulxZjE; LFkG Eg.kwu T;kpk vkotwZu mYys[k djkok ykxsy rs LFkG Eg.kts Jh xtkuu okfVdk gks;- laLFkkuus [kkexkao jksMoj] LVs'kuiklwu 4 QykZax varjkoj ,d u;ujE; m|ku r;kj dsys- EgSlwjP;k o`ankou xkMZu'kh lkn`'; vl.kkjh gh okfVdk feuhoa`nkou Eg.kwu vksG[kyh tkÅ 'kdrs- ;k m|kuyk Jh xtkuu okfVdk gs ukao ns.;kr vkys vkgs- laLFkkuP;k lsokFkZ clsl Hkäkauk eafnjkiklwu okfVdsi;Zar us&vk.k djhr vlrkr- ldkGh 8 rs 11 nqikjh 4 rs 8 i;Zar gh okfVdk m?kMh vlrs- la/;kdkGP;k osGsl fnO;kaph jks"k.kkbZ vkf.k dkjats ikg.;kdfjrk vla[; Hkä ;sr vlrkr- okfVdsr izos'kkdfjrk ukeek= 'kqYd vkdkj.;kr ;srs- okfVdsP;k e/;Hkkxh Jhaph euksgj ewrhZ clfoysyh vlwu dkjatkrwu ty/kkjkapk Jhaoj gks.kkjk o"kkZo ikgwu izs{kd izlUu gksrkr- fofo/k jaxkaP;k fnO;kaP;k izdk'kkr rj n`'; vf/kdp euksgj okVrs- okfVdsP;k ,dk foHkkxkr i'kq&i{kh fiatÚ;kr Bsoys vkgsr- okfVdsr tkfeuhoj vfreqyk;e fgjoG (flYd ykWu) vlwu eqykauk [ksG.;kdfjrk [ksG.kh vkf.k >ksikGs cloysys vkgsr- HkäkaP;k euksjatukdfjrk xq:okjh o jfookjh okfVdsr Hkfäfxrs ns[khy ,sdfoyh tkrkr- 4 ,dj tkxse/;s gh ckx vlwu vla[; tkrhaps xqykc o brj Qqy>kMs vkiY;k lkSjHkkus lokZaukp vkÑ"V d:u ?ksrkr-

 laLFkkuph mYys[kuh; oSf'k"V;s

            laLFkkuP;k dk;kZpk O;ki JhaP;k Ñius fnolsafnol ok<r vkgs- laLFkkups /kkU;dBksj gk laLFkspk lokZr eksBk foHkkx vlwu HkäkadMwu JhalkBh jkl :ikus vkysys /kkU; ;sFks fLodkjys tkrs o laLFksl ykx.kkjk /kkU;kpk lkBkgh ;sFksp Bsoysyk vkgs- laLFkkupk bysfDVd foHkkx Lo;aiw.kZ vlwu 100 gkWlZ ikWoj o 50 gkWlZ ikWoj v'kk laLFksP;k ekydhph nksu tujsVlZ vkgsr- eaxyoknuklkBh laLFkkupk okta=h foHkkx vkgs- laLFkkupk dk;kZy; foHkkx egRoiw.kZ vlwu ;sFks iS'kkaps loZ O;ogkj pkyrkr- njjkstpk fg'kksc iw.kZ dsY;kuarjp o v/;{kkauh fg'kksckoj lg;k dsY;kojp dk;kZy; can dsys tkrs- dk;kZy;kr iSls Bso.;kdfjrk v|;kor ,d LVªkWax:e vkgs- laLFkkue/khy vfHk"ksd o ns.kxh foHkkx 24 rkl pkyw vlrks- ljkljh ,d n'kka'k jDde izlkn :ikus ns.kxh ns.kkÚ;kl ijr dj.;kl ;srs- o gk izlkn 'kky] JhQG] dkiM] CykÅtihl] lkMh ;k :ikus ns.;kr ;srks- ns.kxhr th oL=s oxSjs ;srkr rh fodyh fdaok gjkZl dsyh tkr ukghr rj Jhauk viZ.k dsY;koj nqlÚ;k Hkäkauk izlkn Eg.kwu fnyh tkrkr gh i)r Hkkjrkr Qä JhaP;k laLFksrp n`< >kyh vkgs o Hkäkaph J)k n`< jgkoh gkp R;kekxhy mn~ns'k vkgs- Hkäkauk vkiys lkeku Bsork ;kos Eg.kwu lqj{kkx`g vlwu ykWdlZph O;oLFkk vkgs- ukeek= fu/kh o ia/kjk #- fMikWf>V Eg.kwu lqj{kkx`gkr Bsokos ykxrkr o Hkäkauk 72 rkl vkiys lkeku ykWdje/;s lqjf{kr Bsork ;srs- gs fMikWf>V iqUgk ijr dsys tkrs- eafnjkpk efuvkWMZj foHkkx o VIiy foHkkx gsgh ,d izpaM Lo:ikps dke vkgs- njjkst ljkljh 1000 efuvkWMZlZ ;srkr- Hkäkauk jftLVlZ iklZyus izlknns[khy ikBo.;kph O;oLFkk vkgs- laLFkkupk cka/kdke foHkkx vR;ar dk;Z{ke vlwu ,d T;qfuvj baftfuvj o ,d vflLVaV ;k dkeklkBh laLFksus useys vkgsr- laLFkkuph vMhp dksVh #i;kaph cka/kdkes l/;k pkyw vkgsr rs gs nks?ksp lkaHkGrkr- laLFkkups Lor%ps odZ'kkWi vlwu ykdMh njokts] f[kMD;k] xzhYl ;k [kkR;k ekQZr dsys tkrkr- laLFkuP;k vkokjkrp 47 gtkj fyVj /kkj.kk'kähph ik.;kph Vkdh Hkäfuoklkoj cloyh vlwu Hkäkauk ik.khiqjoBk dj.;kr ;srks- fgokG;kP;k fnolkar xje ik.;kph eqä O;oLFkk ns[khy dj.;kr ;srs- lkQlQkbZ foHkkx gk eafnjkrhy ifjlj lkQ Bso.;kps dke djrks- Hkäkaph okgus lqjf{kr Bso.;klkBh eksVkj lk;dy o lk;dy LVWaMfoHkkx vkgs- eafnjkps vkokjkr QksVks Ýse] dVyjh] HkkaMh] ikuBsys] izlkn vknhaph nqdkus vkgsr o Qqykaps gkj] iqtsps lkeku ;klkBh] laLFkkups N=hotk nqdkus mHkkjyh vkgsr- laLFkkupk dkiM f'kykbZ foHkkx gk ns[khy ,d egRokpk foHkkx vkgs- laLFkkups okpuky; 1975 lkykiklwu lq: dj.;kr vkys vkgs- /kkfeZd xzaFk] ,sfrgkfld dknacÚ;k] ckyok³e; bR;kfn toG&toG 6500 iqLrdkapk laxzg ;k okpuky;kr vkgs- fganh] ejkBh] baxzth] mnZw gîk Hkk"kkae/khy 25 nSfuds okpuky;ke/;s miyC/k vkgsr- laLFkstoG pkj yD>jh clsl] ,d feuhcl] ikp VªDl] 3 vWEcqyUl] ,d VªWDVj brdh okgus vkgsr- VªWDVjojp Qk;j fczxsMps e'khu cloysys vkgs- laLFksP;k xksj{k.k foHkkxkr gRrh] ?kksMs] xk;h o brj tukojs jkg.;kdjrk O;oLFkk dsyh vkgs- laLFkkutoG l/;k gRrh o rhu ?kksMs vkgsr- laLFkkuP;k loZ vkfFkZd ckchaps vkWfMV pkVZMZ vdkÅaVaVdMwu njo"khZ dsys tkrs- vkti;Zar vkWfMV fjiksVZe/;s vk{ksikgZ dkghp vk<Gwu vkysys ukgh- laLFkkue/;s LFkk;h o ekulsoh vls ,dw.k 425 deZpkjh vkgsr- f'kLrfiz; vlysyk gk deZpkjh oxZ Jhaoj vrwV J)k Bsowu lsokHkkousrwu lsok djhr vkgs- R;kauk dks.kR;kgh dkekpk =kl] daVkGk o gyxthZi.kk ekghr ukgh- laLFkkuP;k foÜoLr eaMGkph lHkk nj nksu efgU;kauh gksr vlrs- JhaP;k Ñisus 1908 iklwu vktrkxk;r foÜoLr eaMGkps loZP;k loZ Bjko ,derkus eatwj >kys vkgsr- R;kr nqer d/khgh >kysys ukgh-  

laLFkkulkBh Lo;alsodkaph lsok

            laLFkkue/;s gks.kkjs izeq[k mRlo o ;k=k g;k osGsl 'ksxkaoh yk[kks Hkä ter vlrkr- R;kaP;k Hkkstukph O;oLFkk dj.ks gs Qkj izpaM Lo:ikps dke vlrs- v'kk osGsl fgoj[ksM] cksl[kk] pkuh] fpapiwj] f'kykZusekus] jkgsj] rqGaxk] fioanG] fduh lonM] fiaizh dksjMs] dkjsxkao] oSjkxM] csy[ksM+] blksGh] vkdksyh] o>j] cksjh vMxkao] Mksaxjxkao] f'kjkGk] yks[kaMk] fg=ao] ukanqjk o yksgkjk v'kk brj [ksMîkarwu vusd Lo;alsod laLFkkuyk lgdk;Z ns.;klkBh o JhaP;k pj.kh vkiyh lsok lefiZr dj.;klkBh ;srkr- 24 rklkar 5 fDaoVy rs 300 fDaoVyP;k iksG;k dj.ks] 3 fDaoVy rs 30 fDaoVyps ykMw cka/k.ks bR;knh dkes gs Lo;alsod eksB;k lsokHkkokus djrkr- laLFkku R;kauk i=k}kjs fueaf=r djrs- i= feGrkp BjysY;k fno'kh Lor%P;k [kpkZus lsod ;srkr o laiw.kZ dk;ZØe laiY;koj Jhapk ukjG izlkn ?ksÅu ijrrkr- R;kaph gh fu%Llhe lsok 'kCnkauh o.kZu dj.ks 'kD; ukgh-

 laLFkkups ladfYir lsok o izdYi

            JhaP;k Ñisus o JhaP;k vla[; HkäkaP;k lgdk;kZoj foÜokl Bsowu laLFkkuus dkgh izdYi gkrh ?ks.;kpk ladYi lksMyk vkgs- laLFkkuyk vlk n`< foÜokl vkgs dh gs ladfYir izdYi ^Jh* laLFkku dMwu ?ksryhp- gs ladfYir izdYi iq<hyizek.ks &

            1)            uohu gks.kkjs Hkäfuokl & laLFkkuP;k clsl ftFks mH;k jkgrkr R;k lkMspkj ,dj tkxsr ^Hkä fuokl* ;k ukokaP;k lkr bekjrh cka/k.;kpk laLFkkupk ekul vkgs- iSdh Ø- 1&2&3&4 cka/kwu iw.kZ >kysys vkgsr e/;Hkkxh dkj ikfdZax o laLFkkuP;k lsokFkZ clsllkBh LVWaM jkghy- gk izdYi 3 dksVh #i;kapk jkghy- ;k Hkäfuoklkrhy [kksY;k ts izFke ;srhy R;kaukp fnY;k tkrhy vkj{k.kkph i)r ukgh-

            2)   Jh- P;k inLi'kkZus iwfur >kysY;k tkxkapk fdaok okLrwapk ;ksX; mi;ksx dj.;kpk laLFkkupk ekul vkgs- 'ksxkaoh Jha uh T;k tkxsr dkgh dkG okLrO; dsys rh izxVLFkGkph Hkweh] Jh eksVs gîkaps egknsokps eafnj] dS- jkepanz ikVhy ;kapk eGk bR;knh tkxk laLFkkuyk nku #ikr fdaok ekscnyk nsÅu tj feGkY;k rj R;k tkxkapk th.kksZ}kj dj.ks fdaok rsFks uohu okLrq cka/k.ks gk laLFkkupk izdYi jkghy-

            3)            gkWfLiVy o esfMdy dkWyst & Jh xtkuu okfVdstoG [kkexkao jksMyk ykxwu  laLFkkuP;k ekydhps 14 ,dj 'ksr vkgs- R;kyk ykxwup laLFkkups 49 ,dj tehu fodr ?ksryh vkgs- ;k ,dw.k 63 ,dj tkxsoj 500 dkWVl~ps gkWfLiVy cka/k.;kpk laLFkkupk ladYi vkgs- ddZjksx] ân;jksx] izlwfr'kkL= o L=hjksx fpfdRlk] 'kYifpfdRlk] cká#X.k foHkkx ;klg v|kor ;a=lkeqxzhus laiUu vls gs gkWfLiVy jkghy Jh Ñisus gs gkWfLiVy iw.kZ >kY;koj laLFkku esfMdy dkWystph ekx.kh djhy o rs O;ofLFkr pkyo.;klkBh tckcnkjh mpyyh-

            4)            ik.khiqjoBk ;kstuk && eksBîk rykokP;k ik;F;k'kh laLFkkuus 15 ,dj 'ksr ?ksrys vlwu rsFks 40 QwV O;klkph foghj [kksnyh vkgs- laLFksps Lor%ps okVjoDlZ vlwu laLFksP;k loZ tkxsr rsFkwup ik.kh iqjo.;kr ;srs R;kdfjrk ifjljkar 5 yk[k fyVjph ik.;kph Vkdh lq)k lap;hdsdjhrk cka/kyh vkgs-

            5)            JhaP;k nsgfoltZu LFkGkpk th.kksZ}kj && Jh uh T;k fBdk.kh vkiyk nsg folftZr dsyk rh tkxk o Jhapk 'k;ukpk iyax ftFks vlrks rh tkxk ;kapk th.kksZ}kj dj.;kr vkyk vkgs- ;kp fBdk.kh Hkäkauk ikjk;.kkdjrk ,d eksBk gkWy cka/k.;kpkgh ladYikuqlkj dk;kZfUor >kysyk vkgs-

            6)            laLFkkuph nqljh 'kk[kk & Jh{ks= ia<jiqj izek.ksp Jh{ks= vkGanh ;sFks nsgw jLR;koj laLFksus 2 ,dj tkxk ?ksryh vlwu IyWu r;kj dsyk vkgs- eatwj gksrkp dkekl lq#okr gksbZr- Jh {ks= =;acdsÜojh tkxk 4 ,dj uklhd jksMoj ?ksryh vkgs-

            7)            nqljs fQjrs #X.kky; & egkjk"Vªkr tsFks tsFks ;k=k mRlo gksr vlrhy rsFks ;k=sd#aP;k lsoslkBh fQjrs #X.kky; ikBfo.;kpk laLFkkupk ekul vkgs-

            8)            ia<jiqj ;sFkhy izdYi & laLFkkuph ifgyh 'kk[kk ia<jiqj ;sFks vlwu rsFkhy lkMsvkB ,dj iq.;Hkwehr Jhaps eafnj] nqdkus] Hkäkadfjrk [kksY;k] v|;kor gksfevksiWfFk] vWyksiFkh] nok[kkus] okjdjh f'k{k.k laLFkk] laxhr fo|ky;] nksu eaxy dk;kZy;s bR;knh cka/k.;kpk laLFkkupk ladYi vkgs- ák izdYikal vankts 5 dksVh #i;s ykxrhy vls vankti=d vkgs- g;k tkxsO;frfjä laLFksus 18 ,dj tehu ?ksÅu Bsoyh vkgs o Jh tls ekxZn'kZu djrhy R;kuqlkj rsFksgh dkgh izdYi lq# dj.;kr ;srhy-

HkäkaP;k ekfgrhlkBh

            'ksxkaoe/;s JhaP;k n'kZuklkBh njjkst gtkjks Hkä ;srkr- R;kuk 'ksxkaoe/khy egRokps nwj/ouh Øekad dGkosr Eg.kwu gh ekghrh R;kauk ns.;kr ;sr vkgs- 

           
v'kk izdkjs laLFkkupk ,danj fo/kk;d dk;kZpk /kkork vk<kok Hkäkauk vkf.k ftKklwauk ekfgrhlkBh lknj dsyk vkgs- gk vgoky JhaP;k ijeifo= pj.kh fouez Hkkousus vkEgh lefiZr djhr vkgksr- ;kp vgokykrwu laLFkku loZ Hkkfod HkäkadMwu iSlk mdGrkr- JhaP;k vlk dks.krkgh Hkä laLFkkurQsZ iSlk xksGk dj.;kdfjrk fQjr ukgh gs vkEgh Li"V d# bfPNrks- laLFkkuP;k vlsgh fun'kZukl vkys dh JhaP;k ukokus gLri=d Nkiwu] laLFkku'kh vxj egkjktka'kh laca/k nk[kowu egkjktkaps ukokus fnaMh dk<wu dkgh LokFkhZ yksd Hkäkaph fn'kkHkwy djrkr- rsOgk Hkäkauh ;kiklwu lko/k jgkos] v'kh izseG b'kkajs&otk lwpuk vkEgh nsow bfPNrks- loZ Hkäkauh laLFkku'kh izR;{k laca/k izLFkkfir djkok v'kh R;kauk dGdGhph fouafr vkgs- brj dqBY;kgh laLFkku'kh xtkuu egkjkt laLFkkupk laca/k ukgh] Jhaph fpUe; tkx`rh o laLFkps dk;Z rlsp Hkäkaph lrr ok<.kkjh laLFkk y{kkr ?ksÅu dkgh la/khlk/kw /kwrZ o LokFkhZ yksd Hkkouspk xSjQk;nk ?ks.;kpk iz;Rukr vkgsr- rs xtkuu egkjktkaps eafnj] iknqdk o vU; laLFkk LFkkfir vkgsr- R;kaP;k dk;kZps Hkäkauh lw{e fujh{k.k djkos o uarjp foÜokl Bsowu enr djkoh vU;Fkk gk fo"ko`{k QksQkosy-

            loZ HkäkaP;k loZrksijh lgdk;kZph vis{kk ckGxwu] laLFkkuojhy R;kapk yksHk o`f/nxr Ogkok gh izkFkZuk d#u o Jhaph o R;kaP;k Hkäkaph lsok lrr ?kMr jgkoh gh bPNk O;Dr d#u gk vgoky JhaP;k ijeifo= pj.kh vkEgh lefiZr djhr vkgksr-